Uphuhliso lweNtlalo yoMntwana: Ukusuka kwi-Egocentric ukuya kwi-Collaborative

Uphuhliso loluntu lomntwana luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwakhe ngokwentlalo-ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo ebeka isiseko sempumelelo yexesha elizayo ekudibaneni noluntu nokwakha ubudlelwane obuphilileyo. Le nkqubo ayiphumi kwangoko kodwa iguquka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, itshintsha kancinci kancinci ukusuka kwimbono yokuzingca ukuya ekuqondeni abanye, ukufunda ukusebenzisana, nokuphuhlisa uvelwano.

Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweNtlalo

Ubuntwana (0-1 unyaka): Ukuvela koLuntu

Ngeli nqanaba, unxibelelwano lomntwana noluntu lujikeleza kakhulu kubanakekeli bakhe. Basebenzisa uncumo, ukudibana emehlweni, kunye nokulila ukuze bafumane ingqalelo yabazali babo kunye neempendulo zabo. Nangona bengekakwazi ukuthetha okwangoku, sele beqalile ukuqaphela ubuso ababuqhelileyo kwaye basabela kwiindlela abantu abadala abaziva ngayo. Eli linqanaba lokuqala lokuba abantwana bakheke. isincamathiselo kunye nombono wokuba ukuthemba.

Ubuntwana (iminyaka eyi-1-3): Umdlalo ohambelanayo kunye nokuzimela

Abantwana abakweli nqanaba baqala ukubonisa umdla koontanga babo, kodwa indlela yabo yokudlala idla ngokuba "umdlalo ohambelanayo"—umntwana ngamnye udlala ngamathoyizi akhe, kodwa bahlala kwindawo enye. Baza kubukelana kodwa abafane babe nokusebenzisana okanye ukwabelana ngokwenene. Ingcinga yabo kweli nqanaba "iyazingca," nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukuqonda ingcamango "yokwabelana" njengoko bekhusela izinto zabo ngokwemvelo.

Ubudala besikolo sabantwana abancinci (iminyaka emi-3-6): Umdlalo wokubambisana kunye nobuhlobo obukhulayo

Eli lixesha elibalulekileyo lophuhliso loluntu. Abantwana baqala ukutshintsha ukusuka ekudlaleni ngaxeshanye ukuya "umdlalo wentsebenziswano." Baza kwakha iinqaba zebhloko kunye, badlale imidlalo yokudlala indima, baze babeke imithetho elula yokudlala kwabo. Baqala ukuqonda iingcamango "wena," "mna," kunye "nathi," baze bazame ukusombulula iingxabano. Zifutshane kodwa ziyinyani ubuhlobo baqala ukuvela njengoko bekhetha oontanga babo abathile baze bafunde ukwabelana kunye nokutshintshana.

Ubudala beSikolo (iminyaka eyi-6-12): Izangqa zoLuntu kunye neMithetho

Xa umntwana engena esikolweni, unxibelelwano lwakhe noluntu luya luba nzima kwaye lucwangciswe kakuhle. Bakha amaqela abo amancinci kunye "nezangqa zabahlobo," apho ubuhlobo busekelwe ngakumbi kwizinto anomdla kuzo, izinto azithandayo kunye nemilinganiselo aphila ngayo. Baqala ukuxabisa intsebenziswano kwaye ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kwaye banokuqonda ngcono baze balandele imithetho. Okwangoku, ubudlelwane bontanga bunempembelelo enkulu kwindlela abazijonga ngayo kunye nemigangatho yokuziphatha kwabo.

Ubutsha (iminyaka eli-12-18): Ubuhlobo Obunzulu kunye Nobuntu

Iimfuno zentlalo zolutsha ziba nzulu ngakumbi. Banqwenela ukwakha ubuhlobo obunzulu nobusondeleyo ubuhlobo ngokusekelwe kwiimilinganiselo kunye nezinto abanomdla kuzo. Izangqa zabo zentlalo ziyahlukahluka njengoko bezama ukungena kumaqela ahlukeneyo, behlola ubuwena babo kwaye befuna ukuqatshelwa koluntu ngokusebenzisana noontanga babo. Baqala nokufunda indlela yokujongana nobudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwabantu, ukusingatha iingxabano, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane bothando obusempilweni.

Iindawo zokudlala zangaphakathi: Igumbi lokufundela lendalo lokuphucula izakhono zentlalo

I-An indawo yokudlala yabantwana yangaphakathi yindawo entle kakhulu eluncedo yokuba abantwana baphuhlise izakhono zabo zentlalo. Kwimeko eyonwabisayo nesebenzisanayo, banokufumana izakhono zentlalo ngokwemvelo:

• Ukusebenzisana okubangelwa yindalo: Kwizakhiwo zokudlala ezifana neeslayidi, iitrampoline, kunye neebhola, abantwana bayahlangana ngenxa yezinto abanomdla kuzo. Kufuneka bathethe ngokusebenzisa ulwimi okanye ulwimi lomzimba, bebuza "Lithuba likabani eli?" okanye "Singadlala kunye?", ezizezona ndlela zendalo zokubonisa indlela yokusebenza kwezentlalo.

• Ukudlala Indima Ngokusebenzisana: Iindawo ezinemixholo ethile kwindawo yokudlala, ezinje ngeekhitshi zokuzenzela, iivenkile ezinkulu, kunye nezibhedlele, zikhuthaza ukudlala indima. Ukuze bagqibezele umsebenzi "wokuthenga nokupheka" okanye "wogqirha nesigulane", kufuneka sebenzisana, nxibelelana, kwaye wahlule imisebenzi, nto leyo ebanceda kakhulu izakhono zokusebenza njengeqela.

• Amathuba okuSombulula iingxabano: Xa besabelana ngamathoyizi okanye bekhuphisana ngendawo, abantwana badibana neengxabano. Kwindawo yokudlala, abazali kunye nabasebenzi banokusebenza njengabakhokeli, befundisa abantwana indlela yokuvakalisa iimfuno zabo, bamamele abanye, baze bafumane isisombululo kunye. Esi sisifundo esibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ubukrelekrele beemvakalelo.

• Indawo Yokuhluma Ubuhlobo: Kwibala lokudlala, abantwana banethuba lokudibana noontanga babo abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Amava ahlukeneyo okudlala anokuba sisiqalo sobuhlobo, abeke isiseko semijikelo yabo yentlalo yexesha elizayo.

• Ukufunda Ukutshintshana Nokulinda: Phambi kwezakhiwo zokudlala ezidumileyo, abantwana kufuneka bafunde ukulinda ngomonde emgceni. Esi senzo sibonakala silula linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuhlakuleleni ingqiqo yemithetho kwaye isimilo sentlalo.

Ngoko ke, indawo yokudlala yangaphakathi ayisiyondawo nje yokwenza umthambo kodwa ikwayindawo entle kakhulu igumbi lokufundela lentlalontle apho abantwana bafunda khona indlela yokusebenzisana nabanye, ukunxibelelana nokusebenzisana, nokwakha ubuhlobo.