Uphuhliso Lokuqonda Lomntwana: Ukusuka Ekuhloleni Okunomdla Ukuya Ekucingeni Okunengqiqo

Uphuhliso lomntwana engqondweni yinkqubo eqhubekela phambili ukusuka ekubeni nomdla olula ukuya ekuqiqeni okuntsonkothileyo okunengqiqo. Iquka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nenkumbulo, ingqalelo, ukusombulula iingxaki, ubuchule, ukuqiqa, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ukukhulisa izakhono zengqondo kubalulekile kuphuhliso lomntwana ngokubanzi kunye nempumelelo yakhe yezemfundo kwixesha elizayo.

Amanqanaba oPhuhliso lweNgqondo

• Inqanaba leSensorimotor (iminyaka eyi-0-2): Iintsana ngokuyintloko ziyaliqonda ihlabathi ngeemvakalelo zazo kunye nezenzo zazo. Zichukumisa, zibambe, kwaye zishukumise izinto, zakha iipatheni zokucinga kwasekuqaleni ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane obulula besizathu kunye nesiphumo (umz., ukushukumisa isandi senza isandi). Ukucinga kweli nqanaba "kusesenzweni."

• Inqanaba langaphambi kotyando (iminyaka emi-2-7): Ukucinga komntwana kuqala ukuba ngumqondiso, okumvumela ukuba asebenzise ulwimi nemifanekiso ukumela izinto. Ingcinga yakhe ityebile, kodwa ingcinga yakhe igxile ekuzicingeleni (ubunzima bokuqonda iimbono zabanye) kwaye ayinakuguqulwa (ukungakwazi ukuqonda iinkqubo ezichaseneyo). Bafunda ngokuxelisa nokudlala ngokuzenzisa.

• Inqanaba lokusebenza eliqinileyo (iminyaka esi-7-11): Inguqu ebalulekileyo kwindlela umntwana acinga ngayo. Baqala ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo, ukuqonda iingcamango ezifana nokugcinwa (umz., ubungakanani bamanzi buhlala bufana xa bugalelwa kwiiglasi ezahlukeneyo ezimile okweemilo), ukwahlulahlula, kunye nokwahlulahlula. Ingcinga yabo ayibi yodwa, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba babone iingxaki kwiikona ezahlukeneyo, nangona besaxhomekeke kwizinto ezibonakalayo nezibonakalayo ukuze baqiqe.

• Inqanaba lokusebenza elisesikweni (abaneminyaka eli-11 nangaphezulu): Ulutsha luqala ukuba nezakhono zokucinga ezingacacanga, ezibavumela ukuba basebenzise ingqiqo eqikelelwayo neqondakalayo kwaye bacinge ngeengcamango ezingacacanga (umz., ubulungisa, inkululeko) kunye nekamva. Banokusombulula iingxaki ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, benze uphando lwesayensi, baze bakhe amaxabiso abo kunye nembono yabo yehlabathi.

Iindawo zokudlala zangaphakathi: "I-Brain Gym" yokuvula amandla okuqonda

Indawo yokudlala yabantwana engaphakathi ayisiyondawo nje yokutshisa amandla; "ijimu yobuchopho" enika ukhuthazo olukhulu lokuqonda yabantwana. Uyilo kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi ibala lokudlala elithambileyo inokuphucula ngempumelelo izakhono zomntwana zokuqonda:

• Izakhono Zokusombulula Iingxaki: Xa umntwana ejongene nesakhiwo esinzima sokukhwela intaba okanye efana ne-maze ukutyibilika, kufuneka bacinge, "Ndingaqala phi ukunyuka?" okanye "Ndingafika njani esiphelweni?" Yonke imizamo iyinto inkqubo yokusombulula iingxaki eziqeqesha izakhono zabo zokuqiqa, ukucwangcisa, kunye nokwenza amaqhinga.

• Ubuchule kunye noQondiso: Ngaphakathi iindawo zokudlala indima (njengekhitshi lokuzenzela, ivenkile enkulu, okanye isibhedlele), abantwana bangathatha iindima ezahlukeneyo ngokukhululekileyo baze benze amabali. ivuselela kakhulu ingqondo yabo kunye nobuchule babo, ebavumela ukuba bahlengahlengise kwaye bavelise izinto ezintsha ngezinto ezivela kwihlabathi lokwenyani.

• Ukuqiqa okunengqiqo kunye noHlelo: Kwindawo yokwakha okanye kwindawo yephazili, abantwana kufuneka basebenzise ingqiqo yokucinga ukuze bagwebe iimilo, imibala, kunye nobukhulu, becinga ngendlela yokudibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubanceda baqonde ulwahlulo, ukwahlulahlula, kunye nobudlelwane bendawo, eziyingcamango eziphambili zezibalo kunye nengqiqo.

• Isizathu kunye nesiphumo kunye nophando: Iimpawu ezinje ngodonga olusebenza ngetsheyini okanye udonga olusebenzisa ukukhanya nomthunzi olusebenzisanayo luvumela abantwana ukuba babone ngokuthe ngqo indlela izenzo zabo (umz., ukucofa iqhosha) ezivelisa ngayo iziphumo (umz., izibane ezikhazimlayo). Oku kubanceda baqonde izinto ezilula ubudlelwane phakathi kwesizathu nesiphumo kwaye ikhuthaza umoya wokuhlola nokuvavanya.

• Ingqwalasela kunye nokugxila: Imingeni eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi enomdla ebaleni lokudlala itsala ingqalelo yomntwana, imncede gcina ingqwalasela ngelixa ugqibezela imisebenzi (njengokuhamba kwindlela ethintela izinto), nto leyo ebalulekileyo ekufundeni kwixesha elizayo.

Ngoko ke, iindawo zokudlala zangaphakathi ibonelela ngendawo egcwele imingeni, ukusebenzisana, kunye nokucinga, okuvumela abantwana ukuba basebenzise ubuchopho babo ngelixa bedlala, nto leyo ebanika amandla okukhulisa ingqondo yabo.